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popso disodium CAS: 108321-07-9
Ityuwa ye-disodium ye-Piperazine-N,N'-bis (2-hydroxypropanesulphonic acid) yikhemikhali eyenziwe ngamaqela e-piperazine, bis (2-hydroxypropanesulphonic acid), kunye nee-ion ezimbini ze-sodium. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-arhente yokubopha kunye nomlawuli we-pH kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino nezelebhu. Le compound inceda ukugcina i-pH ethile kwizisombululo, iyenza ibe luncedo kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokucocwa kweproteni, ibhayoloji yemolekyuli, kunye nophando lwamayeza. Ukongeza, ingasebenza njenge-arhente ye-chelating yee-ion zesinyithi kwaye izinzise umsebenzi we-enzyme kwiimpendulo ezithile ze-biochemical.
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Ityuwa yesodium ye-3-Morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid CAS:79803-73-9
Ityuwa yesodium ye-3-Morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-MES sodium salt, yikhemikhali esetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-arhente yokukhusela kuphando lwebhayoloji kunye ne-biochemical.
I-MES yi-zwitterionic buffer esebenza njengomlawuli we-pH, igcina i-pH izinzile kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye inexabiso le-pKa elimalunga ne-6.15, nto leyo eyenza ifaneleke ukuhluzwa kuluhlu lwe-pH oluphakathi kwe-5.5 ukuya kwi-7.1.
Ityuwa yesodiyam ye-MES isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindlela zebhayoloji yeemolekyuli ezifana nokwahlulwa kwe-DNA kunye ne-RNA, uvavanyo lwee-enzyme, kunye nokucocwa kweproteni. Ikwasetyenziswa kwimidiya yenkcubeko yeseli ukugcina imeko-bume ye-pH ezinzileyo yokukhula nokwanda kweseli.
Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-MES kukuzinza kwayo phantsi kweemeko zomzimba kunye nokuxhathisa utshintsho kumaqondo obushushu. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke ukusetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo apho kulindeleke ukuba kubekho utshintsho kumaqondo obushushu.
Abaphandi badla ngokuthanda ityuwa yesodium ye-MES njenge-buffer ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwayo okuncinci kwiimpendulo ze-enzyme kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-buffer ngaphakathi koluhlu lwayo olufanelekileyo lwe-pH.
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I-X-GAL CAS: 7240-90-6 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactoside (X-Gal) sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo se-chromogenic esisetyenziswa kwi-molecular biology kunye ne-biochemistry. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekufumaneni i-lacZ gene, ebhala i-enzyme β-galactosidase.
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1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranose CAS:25941-03-1
I-1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranose yikhemikhali ephuma kwi-D-mannose, iswekile elula. Yinto ephuma kuyo apho amaqela e-acetyl anamathele kumaqela amahlanu kumathandathu e-hydroxyl akhoyo kwimolekyuli ye-mannose. Olu hlobo lwe-acetylated lwe-D-mannose lusetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-organic synthesis kunye nophando lweekhemikhali njengebhloko yokwakha okanye izinto zokuqala zokwenziwa kweemolekyuli ezintsonkothileyo. Amaqela e-acetyl anika uzinzo kwaye anokutshintsha i-reactivity kunye neempawu zekhompawundi.
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1,2,3,4-Di-O-Isopropylidene-alpha-D-galactopyranose CAS:4064-06-6
I-1,2:3,4-Di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose yikhemikhali eyinxalenye yosapho lwee-derivatives ze-galactopyranose. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-organic chemistry njenge-arhente yokukhusela amaqela e-hydroxyl akhoyo kwiiswekile, ngakumbi i-galactose. Le compound yenziwa ngokuphendula i-D-galactose nge-acetone ukwenza i-diacetone derivative, ethi emva koko iphathwe nge-asidi ukwenza i-di-O-isopropylidene derivative. Le derivative ikhusela amaqela e-hydroxyl, ithintela iimpendulo ezingafunekiyo ngexesha lokwenziwa kweekhemikhali, kwaye inokususwa ngokukhetha ukuze ivuselele i-compound yokuqala. Ulwakhiwo lwayo oluqinileyo kunye nozinzo zenza ukuba ibe luncedo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwicandelo lokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
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I-PNPG CAS: 3150-24-1 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-PNPG, okanye i-p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside, yi-substrate encinci yemolekyuli edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo ze-biochemical ukulinganisa umsebenzi wee-enzymes ze-glucosidase. Ayinambala kwaye ayi-fluorescent, kodwa xa i-hydrolysis yi-glucosidase, iguqulwa ibe yi-p-nitrophenol, enombala otyheli kwaye ifumaneka ngokulula nge-spectrophotometric.
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I-ONPG CAS:369-07-3 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) yi-substrate yokwenziwa esetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo zebhayoloji kunye nezemolekyuli ukulinganisa umsebenzi we-enzyme i-β-galactosidase. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimvavanyo ukufumanisa ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kwiinkqubo zebhaktiriya, ezifana ne-Escherichia coli. I-ONPG yi-compound engenambala eqhekeka yi-β-galactosidase, nto leyo ebangela ukukhululwa kwe-compound etyheli, i-o-nitrophenol. Umbala otyheli oveliswayo unokulinganiswa nge-spectrophotometric, ukubonelela ngomlinganiselo ongathanga ngqo womsebenzi we-enzyme. Uvavanyo olusebenzisa i-ONPG ludla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-ONPG assay kwaye yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwebhayoloji yeemolekyuli ukuvavanya amanqanaba okubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezilawulwa yi-lac operon kwiiseli zebhaktiriya.
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I-Nitrotetrazolium Blue Chloride CAS:298-83-9
I-Nitrotetrazolium Blue Chloride (NBT) sisalathisi se-redox esisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimvavanyo zebhayoloji kunye nezebhayoloji. Yimpuphu etyheli ekhanyayo ejika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa incitshisiwe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe luncedo ekufumaneni ubukho bee-enzyme ezithile kunye nomsebenzi we-metabolic.
I-NBT isabela kunye nabathwali bee-electron kunye nee-enzymes ezifana nee-dehydrogenases, ezibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeseli. Xa i-NBT incitshiswa zezi enzymes, yenza i-blue formazan precipitate, evumela ukufunyanwa okubonakalayo okanye kwe-spectrophotometric.
Le reagent isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimvavanyo ezifana novavanyo lokunciphisa i-NBT, apho isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umsebenzi wokuqhuma kokuphefumla kweeseli zomzimba. Ingasetyenziselwa nokufunda imisebenzi ye-enzyme kunye neendlela ze-metabolic kuphando oluphathelele uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative, ukuphila kweseli, kunye nokwahluka kweseli.
I-NBT ifumene usetyenziso kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-microbiology, i-immunology, kunye ne-cell biology. Iyakwazi ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, izinzile, kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwiiprotokholi ezininzi zovavanyo.
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I-HATU CAS:148893-10-1 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-HATU (1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate) sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni i-peptide synthesis kunye ne-organic chemistry.
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I-D-fucose CAS:3615-37-0 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-D-fucose yi-monosaccharide, ingakumbi iswekile ye-carbon ezintandathu, ekwiqela leeswekile ezilula ezibizwa ngokuba yi-hexoses. Yi-isomer yeglucose, eyahlukileyo kwisimo seqela elinye le-hydroxyl.
I-D-fucose ifumaneka ngokwemvelo kwizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iibhaktheriya, iifungi, izityalo, kunye nezilwanyana. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, ezifana nokubonisa iiseli, ukunamathela kweeseli, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-glycoprotein. Yinxalenye ye-glycolipids, ii-glycoproteins, kunye neeproteoglycans, ezibandakanyeka kunxibelelwano lweseli kunye nokwaziwa.
Kubantu, i-D-fucose ikwabandakanyeka kwi-biosynthesis yezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ze-glycan, ezifana nee-antigens zeLewis kunye nee-antigens zeqela legazi, ezinefuthe ekulungelelanisweni kwegazi kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwezifo.
I-D-fucose ingafumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kuquka ulwandle, izityalo, kunye nokubiliswa kweentsholongwane. Isetyenziswa kuphando nakwizicelo zonyango, kunye nasekuveliseni amayeza athile kunye neekhompawundi zonyango.
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I-DDT CAS:3483-12-3 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-DL-Dithiothreitol, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-DTT, yiarhente yokunciphisa esetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwebhayoloji ye-biochemical kunye ne-molecular. Yimolekyuli encinci eneqela le-thiol (eliqulathe i-sulfur) kwicala ngalinye.
I-DTT isetyenziswa rhoqo ukuphula ii-disulfide bonds kwiiproteni, nto leyo enceda ekuzivuleni okanye ekuziguquleni. Oku kunciphisa ii-disulfide bonds kubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zelebhu ezifana nokucocwa kweeproteni, i-gel electrophoresis, kunye nezifundo zesakhiwo seproteni. I-DTT ingasetyenziselwa ukukhusela amaqela e-thiol kunye nokuthintela i-oxidation ngexesha leenkqubo zovavanyo.
I-DTT idla ngokufakwa kwizisombululo zovavanyo ngobuninzi obuncinci, kwaye umsebenzi wayo uxhomekeke ekubeni ikhona ioksijini. Kubalulekile ukuyiphatha ngononophelo i-DTT kuba inovelwano emoyeni, kubushushu, nakumswakama, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.
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I-D-(+)-Galactose CAS:59-23-4 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-D-(+)-Galactose yiswekile efumaneka kwi-monosaccharide kwaye iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo ezininzi zebhayoloji. Yiswekile efumaneka ngokwendalo ekutyeni okuninzi, okufana neziqhamo, iimveliso zobisi, kunye nemifuno.
I-Galactose idla ngokwenziwa ibe yimetaboliki emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa uthotho lwee-enzyme reactions. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunxibelelwano lweeseli, ukuveliswa kwamandla, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kweemolekyuli ezibalulekileyo ezifana nee-glycolipids, ii-glycoproteins, kunye ne-lactose.
Ngokwendlela esetyenziswa ngayo, i-D-(+)-Galactose isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-microbiology nakwi-biotechnology njengomthombo wekhabhoni kwimithombo yeendaba zokukhula kwee-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo. Ikwasetyenziswa ekuvelisweni kwee-compounds ezahlukeneyo ze-bioactive, amayeza, kunye neemveliso zokutya. Ukongeza, isetyenziswa rhoqo njengearhente yokuxilonga kwezonyango, ngakumbi kwiimvavanyo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kwesibindi kunye nokufumanisa iingxaki zemfuza ezinxulumene ne-galactose metabolism.
