-
I-Amylase, a-, Aspergillus oryzae CAS:9001-19-8 Ixabiso lomenzi
AmI-ylase yi-enzyme enceda ekuqhekekeni kwesitatshi sibe ziishukela ezilula ezifana ne-maltose kunye ne-glucose. Idla ngokuveliswa zizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iibhaktheriya, iifungi kunye nezityalo.
Igama elithi “a-” kwi-“a-amylase” libhekisa kuhlobo lwe-amylase oluthi ngokukodwa ludibanise ii-alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwimolekyuli yesitatshi. Oku kuphumela ekuvelisweni kwee-polysaccharides zetyathanga elifutshane, ezinokuqhekeka zibe yi-glucose ngamanye ama-enzyme e-amylase.
I-Aspergillus oryzae luhlobo lwefungus enemicu eyaziwa ngokuba namandla okuvelisa inani eliphezulu le-amylase. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ii-enzyme zoshishino ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo onamandla we-amylolytic. Ii-enzymes eziveliswa yi-Aspergillus oryzae, kuquka i-a-amylase, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, anjengokutya, ukwenza ubhiya, amalaphu, kunye nokuvelisa isepha.
Kwishishini lokutya, i-a-amylase evela kwi-Aspergillus oryzae isetyenziswa rhoqo ekubhakeni, ekuphekeni, nasekulungiseni istarch. Inceda ekuqhekezeni istarch kwintlama, kwi-malt, nakwezinye izinto eziluhlaza, inceda ekuguquleni iicarbohydrates ezintsonkothileyo zibe ziishukela ezilula ezinokucolwa yimvubelo okanye iintsholongwane ngexesha lokubilisa. Le enzyme ikwasetyenziswa nakwimveliso yelaphu ukuze kube lula ukususa izinto ezisetyenziswa kwistarch kwilaphu.
-
I-Aprotinin CAS: 9087-70-1 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-Aprotinin sisithinteli sendalo esisekelwe kwiproteni see-enzymes ezahlukeneyo zeproteolytic, kubandakanya i-trypsin, i-chymotrypsin, kunye ne-plasmin. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zonyango, ngakumbi kwiindlela zotyando lwentliziyo, ukunciphisa ukopha kunye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwegazi. I-Aprotinin isebenza ngokuthintela umsebenzi wezi enzymes, ezibandakanyeka ekuqhekekeni kwamahlwili egazi kunye nokonakala kwe-fibrin, iproteni enceda ekwakhiweni kwamahlwili egazi. Ngokuthintela umsebenzi ogqithisileyo we-enzyme, i-aprotinin inceda ukugcina uzinzo lwamahlwili egazi, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa iingxaki zokopha ngexesha lotyando.
-
I-Thrombin CAS: 9002-04-4 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-Thrombin yi-enzyme ephambili ebandakanyeka ekujikeni kwegazi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-coagulation. Yenziwa kwiproteni yayo yokuqala, i-prothrombin, ngenxa yokwenzakala okanye umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi. I-Thrombin idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni kwe-blood clot, enceda ekuthinteleni ukopha kakhulu kwaye ikhuthaze ukuphiliswa kwamanxeba.
Nje ukuba isebenze, i-thrombin iguqula i-fibrinogen, enye iproteni egazini, ibe yi-fibrin. I-Fibrin yenza isakhiwo esifana ne-mesh esibamba iiplatelets kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, senza i-blood clot ezinzileyo. I-Thrombin ikwavuselela nezinye izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, yandisa inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi.
Ngaphandle kwendima yayo ekwakhiweni kwamahlwili, i-thrombin ineminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ikhuthaza ukuphiliswa kwamanxeba ngokuvuselela ukufuduka nokwanda kweeseli ezibandakanyeka ekulungisweni kwezicubu. I-Thrombin ikwasebenza njenge-vasoconstrictor, ibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe kwaye inciphise ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwindawo yokwenzakala.
-
I-Urease CAS: 9002-13-5 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-urease yi-enzyme evuselela i-hydrolysis ye-urea ibe yi-ammonia kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Iveliswa ziintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iibhaktheriya, iifungi, kunye nezityalo. I-urease ibalulekile kwi-metabolism ye-nitrogen kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji, ezifana ne-urea hydrolysis kwizintso kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-nitrogen kwizityalo. Ikwanazo nezicelo zoshishino, kubandakanya ukuxilongwa kweebhaktheriya ezivelisa i-urease, izichumisi ezisekelwe kwi-urea, kunye nokufunyanwa kwezithinteli ze-urease kunyango lweemeko ezithile zonyango.
-
I-Leupeptin hemisulfate CAS:103476-89-7
I-Leupeptin hemisulfate sisithinteli seprotease esisetyenziswa kakhulu kuphando lwe-biochemical kunye ne-biomedical. Ivela kwi-Streptomyces bacteria kwaye isebenza ngokuthintela umsebenzi wee-protease ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-trypsin, i-chymotrypsin, kunye ne-plasmin.
I-Leupeptin hemisulfate idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimvavanyo zelebhu ukuthintela ukubola kweproteni okungafunekiyo, njengoko iiproteases zinokonakalisa iiproteni kunye neepeptides, nto leyo echaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Ngokuthintela umsebenzi weprotease, i-leupeptin hemisulfate inceda ekuzinziseni iiproteni kwaye igcine ukuthembeka kwazo ngexesha lovavanyo.
Ukongeza, i-leupeptin hemisulfate isetyenzisiwe kwizifundo zenkcubeko yeseli ukuphanda indima yeeprotease kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeseli, ezinje ngokuhambisa imiqondiso yeseli, i-apoptosis, kunye nokujikeleza kweproteni.
-
I-Lipase evela kwi-pancreas yehagu i-CAS:9001-62-1
I-Lipase yi-enzyme ekhuthaza i-hydrolysis ye-lipids, ngakumbi ukuqhekeka kwe-triglycerides ibe yi-fatty acids kunye ne-glycerol. Iveliswa zizinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka izilwanyana, izityalo, kunye neentsholongwane. I-Lipase idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugayweni kokutya, njengoko inceda ekuqhekekeni nasekufunxeni amafutha okutya emathunjini amancinci. Ukongeza, i-lipase inezicelo ezininzi kumashishini afana nokucubungula ukutya, ukwenziwa kweesepha, amayeza, kunye nemveliso ye-biofuel. Amandla ayo okusebenzisa i-hydrolyze i-lipids kuyenza ibe luncedo kwimisebenzi efana nokuguqula i-lipid, ukuphucula incasa, kunye nokutsalwa kweoyile.
-
I-Lysostaphin CAS:9011-93-2 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-Lysostaphin yi-enzyme enamandla yokulwa neentsholongwane ehlasela kwaye ibulale i-Staphylococcus aureus, intsholongwane ebangela usulelo olwahlukeneyo ebantwini. Ivela kwintsholongwane i-Staphylococcus simulans kwaye inamandla okudiliza udonga lweseli ye-S. aureus, nto leyo ekhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwayo.
Le enzyme ijolise ngokukodwa kumaleko we-peptidoglycan wodonga lweseli yebhaktiriya, iphazamisa ulwakhiwo lwayo kwaye ibangele i-bacterial lysis. Le ndlela ikhethekileyo yokusebenza yenza i-lysostaphin isebenze kakhulu kwiintlobo ze-S. aureus, kuquka nezo zixhathisayo kwii-antibiotics ezisetyenziswa rhoqo.
-
I-L-Lactate dehydrogenase CAS:9001-60-9
I-L-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) yi-enzyme edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-metabolism yamandla eseli, ngakumbi ekuguqulweni kwe-pyruvate ibe yi-lactate. Ikhuthaza ukuguqulwa okujijekileyo kwe-L-lactate ibe yi-pyruvate, isebenzisa i-NAD+ njenge-cofactor.
I-LDH ifumaneka kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kubandakanya isibindi, intliziyo, izihlunu kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Amanqanaba okusebenza kwayo anokusebenza njengophawu lokuxilonga izifo ezithile, ezinje ngomonakalo wesibindi, i-myocardial infarction, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
Umsebenzi ophambili we-LDH kukugcina ibhalansi yamandla eseli ngokwenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwe-pyruvate, imveliso ye-glycolysis, ibe yi-lactate. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-anaerobic glycolysis, yenzeka xa kungekho oksijini kwaye ivumela iiseli ukuba ziqhubeke nokuvelisa amandla xa unikezelo lweoksijini luncinci.
-
I-Pepsin CAS: 9001-76-7 Ixabiso lomenzi
I-Pepsin yi-enzyme yokugaya efumaneka esiswini edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugayweni nasekuqhekekeni kweeproteni. Ikwiqela lee-enzyme ezibizwa ngokuba zii-proteases, ezinoxanduva lokuqhekeza iiproteni zibe zii-peptides ezincinci kunye nee-amino acids, nto leyo evumela ukuba zifunxwe emathunjini amancinci.
I-Pepsin iveliswa kwaye ikhutshwe ziiseli ezingaphakathi kwesisu, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-chief cells, ngendlela engasebenziyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-pepsinogen. Xa ukutya kungena esiswini, kubangela ukukhululwa kwe-gastric acid, eguqula i-pepsinogen ibe yi-active form yayo, i-pepsin. I-Pepsin isebenza kakuhle kwindawo ene-asidi, njengoko i-pH ephantsi yesisu inceda ukuvuselela nokugcina umsebenzi wayo we-enzyme.
-
Isongezelelo seProtein Kinase KT5823 CAS:126643-37-6
Isongezelelo seProtein kinase i-KT5823 sisithinteli semolekyuli esincinci esijolise ngokukodwa kwaye sithintele umsebenzi weProtein kinase. IiProtein kinases ziienzymes ezifosforasila iiproteni ngokongeza amaqela e-phosphate kwii-amino acid residues ezithile, ngesiqhelo i-serine, i-threonine, okanye i-tyrosine. Le nkqubo yefosforasila idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubonisana kweeseli, ukulawula ukusebenza kweproteni, kunye nokulawula iinkqubo zeseli ezifana nokukhula kweeseli, ukwahlukana, ukwahlukana, kunye ne-apoptosis.
I-KT5823 isetyenziswa rhoqo kwizifundo zophando ukuphanda umsebenzi kunye neendlela zokubonisa iimpawu zeeproteni kinases. Ngokuthintela iiproteni kinases, i-KT5823 inokunceda abaphandi ukuba bachonge iiproteni ezithile kunye neendlela ezichaphazeleka ngumsebenzi we-kinase. Olu lwazi lunokuba luncedo ekuqondeni indima yeeproteni kinases kwimisebenzi yeselula kunye nokuchonga iinjongo ezintsha zonyango.
-
I-Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate monohydrate CAS:41468-25-1
I-Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate monohydrate, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-PLP, yindlela esebenzayo ye-vitamin B6. Yi-coenzyme ebalulekileyo ebandakanyeka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ze-enzyme emzimbeni. I-PLP idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-metabolism ye-amino acid, ukwenziwa kwe-neurotransmitter, kunye nokwenziwa kwe-heme, icandelo le-hemoglobin.
I-PLP isebenza njenge-coenzyme ngokubophelela kwii-enzyme ezithile kwaye inceda kwiimpendulo zamakhemikhali. Isebenza njenge-catalyst, iququzelela ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nee-amino acids, zibe ziimveliso ezahlukeneyo. I-PLP ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-metabolism yee-amino acids, njengokuguqulwa kwe-tryptophan ibe yi-serotonin, okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-glycine ibe yi-serine.
Ukongeza kwindima yayo kwi-metabolism ye-amino acid, i-PLP ikwabandakanyeka ekuhlanganisweni kwee-neurotransmitters ezifana ne-dopamine, i-norepinephrine, kunye ne-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Ezi neurotransmitters zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwengqondo kwaye zibandakanyeka ekulawuleni imood, ukuqonda, kunye nokudluliselwa kwemiqondiso phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo.
Ngaphezu koko, i-PLP iyimfuneko ekuvelisweni kwe-heme, icandelo le-hemoglobin elifumaneka kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. I-Hemoglobin inoxanduva lokuthwala i-oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba, nto leyo eyenza i-PLP ibaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni amanqanaba e-oksijini aqhelekileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamalungu kunye nezicubu ezahlukeneyo.
Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-biochemical, ukongezwa kwe-PLP ngamanye amaxesha kuyacetyiswa kubantu abaneengxaki ezithile zempilo okanye iziphene ezichaphazela imetabolism ye-vitamin B6. Ifumaneka kwifomu yokongezwa kwaye inokumiselwa ngababoneleli bezempilo kwiimfuno ezithile.
-
I-Reductase, i-glutathione CAS:9001-48-3
I-Glutathione reductase yi-enzyme edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-glutathione encitshisiweyo neyi-oxidized (GSH/GSSG) kwiiseli. I-Glutathione yi-tripeptide eyenziwe yi-amino acids i-glycine, i-cysteine, kunye ne-glutamate. Isebenza njenge-antioxidant ephambili kwiiseli kwaye ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, kubandakanya ukususwa kweekhemikhali emzimbeni, ukwenziwa nokulungiswa kwe-DNA, kunye nokuveliswa kweproteni.
I-Glutathione reductase ikhuthaza ukunciphisa i-glutathione e-oxidized (GSSG) ukuya kwimo yayo enciphileyo (GSH) ngokusebenzisa i-NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) njenge-cofactor. Le mpendulo ibalulekile ekugcineni imeko enciphileyo ye-glutathione kwiiseli, njengoko i-GSSG inokuqokelelana xa kukho uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative.
Ngokugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-GSH kwi-GSSG, i-glutathione reductase inceda ukukhusela iiseli kumonakalo we-oxidative obangelwa ziintlobo ze-oxygen (ROS) kunye nezinye iimolekyuli eziyingozi. Isebenza njengomdlali ophambili kwinkqubo yokukhusela iiseli nge-antioxidant.
Ngaphezu koko, i-glutathione reductase ikwabandakanyeka ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwe-glutathione disulfide (GSSG) eveliswa ngexesha leenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-metabolic, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhona i-glutathione encitshisiweyo (GSH) kwimisebenzi yayo emininzi yeseli.
